Stats Report Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stats Report - Statistics Project Example Bar and line trend graphs were drawn to show the temperature relationships between the two stations. From the results, it was concluded that the mean maximum temperature showed a falling trend for the two stations. Similarly, the average minimum temperature for the months under investigation equally showed a declining trend. In conclusion, therefore, Gold Coast station is warmer relative to Toowoomba Airport based on both the maximum and minimum average temperatures measured. Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with collecting, analyzing, summarizing, interpreting and making inferences give meaningful information about a population or a sample. Statistical methods not only summarize past data through such indicators as the measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion, but they can also predict future events using frequency distribution functions. Statistics provides ways to design efficient and convenient experiments that eliminate time-consuming trial and error. For example, among the various applications of statistics include Double-blind tests for opinion polls, aptitude and intelligence tests, medical, biological, and industrial experiments which apply statistical methods and theories to reach useful inferences. Statistics has a wide application in our daily lives. To illustrate how statistics can be a powerful tool Lorentzen analyzed sea temperature data sampled at Station-M in the Norwegian Sea (Lorentzen, 2014). In this study, the data covered the period between 1948–2010. In this research, descriptive statistics showed that the temperature level had been on a positive trend since the beginning of the 1980s that was also measured in most of the oceans in the North Atlantic. Furthermore, the study showed that the temperature series are co-integrated which meant they shared the same long-term stochastic trend, and they did not diverge too far from each other. The calculated long-term temperature increase is one of the factors

Work psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Work psychology - Essay Example Most previous work on function portion has stressed on human-machine relations major from a micro ergonomic perspective, to the exclusion of wider organizational and environmental concerns. As noted by Hendrick, connections among the human, machine, organizational, and environmental portion of a system need to be considered by including a more macro ergonomic frame of reference. The major aim of this new way is to help those who are involved in the design of new systems and find possible portion options and decide which are the most suitable. A second plan is that the method should not only address portion between humans and machines, on which previous function portion methods have tended to contemplate, but also inspect in detail the portion of functions between humans. Third, the method aims to make clear design decisions that may otherwise be made implicitly, unobserved, or decided upon by default. One way of facilitating explicit reflection of design options and alternatives is to include a general guideline for its use - namely, that individuals from all disciplines involved in the design, management, and use of the system should be mixed up in using the method (e.g., in a workshop setting). Finally, the scheme is planned to act as an aid to informed discussion, finding many options for evaluation. If we Re-exam the eight analysis articles on organizational behaviour that have been shown in the Annual Review of Psychology since 1979 a person cannot help but get amazed about their accomplishment in passing over a remarkable degree of simplicity as well as construction in discussing a generally ill-defined field. This review stresses on universal features of organizational behaviour, as well as structures and processes in and of organizations. Most probably, this kind of approach places this review creatively more into the macro than the micro camp of surmised organizational behaviour. Trying to find a proper angle of review is further

Quotation And Type Of Connection Macbeth Philosophy Essay

Quotation And Type Of Connection Macbeth Philosophy Essay Within the quotation of this segment from Macbeth, Lady Macduff, still in Scotland with her young children, is deemed vulnerable when Macduff expedited to England to find Malcolm, one of two of the late King Duncans sons. An unidentified messenger is sent to warn Lady Macduff and her children of impending danger and hurriedly tells them to disappear and vacate immediately. Lady Macduff is frustrated and furious because she asserts that, whatever it may be; she has done nothing wrong and is unaware of any misdeeds she has committed. This scenario is especially similar in modern society, or more unambiguously, tyrant-ruled countries. Dictatorship can be globally observed in a relative amount of sovereign countries. This situation is predicated on the serious battle arising from Syria, a middle-eastern republic. It has consistently gained notoriety for assassinating its own people during the persisting bloodshed of the 2012 Syrian Civil War. It is an unfortunately ideal example of how c ountless citizens have been persecuted, interrogated, tortured and brutally massacred, with many of them being blameless victims caught in the threshold of an all-out conflict. This is a primary example to Macbeth in the sense that anyone in contradiction (including Macduff and his family) with the regime in Scotland might suffer the same fate of persecution and/or murder without clear justification or ethical reason. ENGLISH DOUBLE ENTRY JOURNAL 2 Quotation and Type of Connection Journal Entry Lady Macbeth: Come, you spirits that tend on moral thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full of direst cruelty! (1.5.43-46) Lady Macbeth: A little water clears us of this deed: How easy is it then! (2.2.85-86) Lady Macbeth: Out, damned spot! Out, I say! (5.1.32) Text-to-same-text In these three quotes, all from different acts and scenes, there are separate yet comparable connections within each statement from Lady Macbeth. The first connection is between the first and second quotes. Lady Macbeth states that she does not wish to suffer from the consequence of her and Macbeths heinous actions of conspiring and later murdering King Duncan. In similarity to both quotes, Lady Macbeth assumingly asserts that through a few simple, however futile actions, she will not have to feel the repentance and anguish that her vileness deeds will inevitably be bestowed upon herself and Macbeth. In hopes of not enduring the lingering guilt of her actions, the first quote shows Lady Macbeth asserting that if her femininity is removed, she will have the raw emotions of ferocity, violence and portrayal of innocence commonly associated with men and masculinity. The second quote is comparable because Lady Macbeth considers that if she washes her hands, eliminating the blood and evide nce, she will be cleared of any wrongdoing. This is another clear example of inaccuracy on her part because of the assumption that guilt might not plague her mind, while in actuality, it already has. The second connection is found to be somewhat ironic between the second and third quotes. Lady Macbeths mind has been infected with culpability. It has quickly transpired into sleep deprivation, sleepwalking and sleep-talking. Through her psychotic episode during her sleepwalking, she unconsciously reveals that she was involved in Duncans murder. The third quote is shown to be contradictory to Lady Macbeths earlier statement about ridding her of the deed. During her sleepwalking, Lady Macbeth is remarking that she still bares the blood of the daggers she held. She is shown repetitively struggling to clean her blood-ridden hands. Regardless of attempts to conceal a crime or indiscretion, punishment is often foreseeable. Shakespeares interpretation of negative consequence and punishment i s illustrated flawlessly through Macbeth and Lady Macbeths immoral thoughts, actions and their eventual demise. ENGLISH DOUBLE ENTRY JOURNAL 3 Quotation and Type of Connection Journal Entry Lady Macbeth: Which thou esteemst the ornament of life, and live a coward in thine own esteem. (1.7.45-46) Text-to-self In this one quote from Lady Macbeth, one sentence speaks a thousand words. While contemplating to kill Duncan, Macbeth inconclusively decides to not murder the King for more reasons against it than for it. Lady Macbeth, appalled at his decision, describes that Macbeths inaction will only be regarded as pathetic and apprehensive. She states that if he does not perpetrate his plans to murder King Duncan, Macbeth might as well live his entire life as a coward and a quitter with Lady Macbeth never seeing him as a masculine husband. A somewhat relatable personal experience occurred to me. One time during the weekday school hours, it was last period before the school day ended. A few friends of mine unanimously decided that they will skip the last period of school because they were seriously uninterested. They had asked me if I would skip with them, and though I contemplated for quite some time, they repeatedly tried persuading me and I reluctantly agreed. One by one, my friends started sn eaking out of class. When it was my turn to sneak out, I had inadvertently left and sensed that the teacher might have spotted me. However, I noticed the teacher did not pursue me. While we were hanging out at the park a block away from school, I had told my friends I felt uneasy about skipping. They had told me not to worry and that I would be considered a wussy if I went back to school. Unfortunately, the next day, my teacher gave me detention for leaving without authorization. My teacher had actually seen everybody who was involved and decided to also punish the other students, but with a call home since this was not their first wrongdoing. Macbeth would have done well to have listened to his moral instinct instead or perhaps tried to encourage Lady Macbeth not to assassinate King Duncan. ENGLISH DOUBLE ENTRY JOURNAL 4 Quotation and Type of Connection Journal Entry The Joker: You need an ace in the hole, mines Harvey. I took Gothams white knight and I brought him down to our level. It wasnt hard; see madness as you know is like gravityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ all it takes is a little push! (Film: The Dark Knight) Macduff: Tell thee, Macduff was from his mothers womb untimely rippd. (5.8.19-20) Text-to-another-text In these two quotes, direct and indirect connections are made between climaxes in The Dark Knight and Macbeth. An explanation for the context of the film connection is introduced. In The Dark Knight, the Joker realises that he has lost the battle for control of Gotham city in a pinnacle fight with Batman. After he is apprehended by Batman the Joker sparingly reveals that he created an ace in the hole. The ace in the hole by definition is Harvey Dent. He infected the mind of district attorney Harvey Dent (nicknamed The White Knight) with a malicious idea to seek vengeance against those involved in conspiring against and attempting to kill him. What Macduff discloses in the ultimate battle to the death with Macbeth is his own variation of ace in the hole. The witches prophecy foretold that Macbeth could not be defeated by anyone of woman born, nonetheless, Macbeths confidence (although feeling surrounded) is increased. Macbeth is constantly self-assuring that he will be victorious. How ever, Macbeth understood belatedly that Macduff underwent a caesarian section and therefore was not of woman born. Additionally, an indirect and more in depth example of a connection between the film quote and the message of the play in its entirety is what the Joker exposes as his knowledge of madness/insanity. He asserts how simple it is to contaminate ones mind with a wicked idea such as murder, similar to what the three witches had implanted in Macbeths mind (to murder King Duncan). Both quotes hold important information which can also be interpreted as their own description of an ace in the hole (an advantage that is reserved for use until it is most needed). ENGLISH DOUBLE ENTRY JOURNAL 5 Quotation and Type of Connection Journal Entry Macbeth: Methought, I heard a voice cry, Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep-the innocent sleep, / Still it cried, Sleep no more! to all the house: Glamis hath murderd sleep: and therefore Cawdor shall sleep no more: Macbeth shall sleep no more! (2.2.47-48 2.2.54-56) Macbeth: In restless ecstasy. Duncan is in his grave, after lifes fitful fever he sleeps well, treason has done his worst: nor steel, nor poison, Malice domestic, foreign levy, nothing, can touch him further! (3.2.20-28) Text-to-same-text Macbeth explains that now, after King Duncans murder and his own subsequent ascension to the throne; he grows increasingly doubtful whether his kingship will remain. Regret is progressively revealed in Macbeths soliloquies. Macbeths deterioration of his conscience now shows he is somewhat jealous of Duncan because nothing can bother him and he can rest in peace while Macbeth is systematically tormented because of his murderous deed. The earlier mention of a prophecy-like warning told to Macbeth about how he will henceforth be rendered sleepless and mentally disturbed. It is a twist of ironic fate because Macbeth intended to kill King Duncan to become king himself, but soon realised that Duncan is resting in peace while Macbeth is restless. This very notion upsets Macbeth and he further regrets murdering Duncan in the first place. Because of the adverse side effects of sleep deprivation and latter guilt, Macbeths efforts to overlook the entire homicidal exploit will be hopeless and wi ll drive Macbeth into full-fledged psychosis and mental instability. The connection between these two quotes is contrary because of the first quotes warning about Macbeths impending sleep deficiency and the second quotes explanation of King Duncans eternal restfulness. Journal for Act 2 Journal of Macbeth: Following King Duncans horrifying murder and speculation falls upon anyone associated with him. Mysterious Murders. CBC News 06 September 2012. My mind wanders inside itself, begging for response, resolutions, and dissolution of repentance. The witches prophesied my future exploits and endeavors. How dare I conspire? My vileness deed was considered at risk of bringing unease and murder of sleep. My alibi for this enactment was not planned with exceptionality and vigilance. I suspect that others might have noticed my peculiar behaviour and unusual explanation for the kings guards murders. However, with my sturdy reputation, likelihood for conviction is doubtful. Blameworthiness will fall upon Duncans young sons since they have already fled. Earlier, perhaps the worst questioning of my abilities was when my Lady Macbeth examined my integrity, masculinity and valour. How dare I be contradicted, and by mine own wife! Duncans lifeless body shall be a clear reminder of my ascending power. Sacrifice must be made in order to fulfill a divination, Duncans killing was foreseeable, and the witches incantation expressed to me that I wou ld become king. Now I shall enjoy reigning over the great nation of Scotland. Although I have become King, the witches prophecy predicted that Banquos son, Fleance, will someday inherit the throne. Both of them must be eliminated to ensure my reigning over this country is not compromised. Today is the dawning of a new age. Our enemies will plead us to refrain from attacking them and we will consider it. And only one word of warning for all those standing in my path to hierarchy, when you have me for an enemyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ no one shall here you scream, food for thought. Macbeth Journal for Act 4 Journal of Macduff: Following Macduffs reaction and ultimate battle in memory of his slaughtered family. Vengeance is Forthcoming. Toronto Star 13 September 2012. AL Print. How can any man refrain from revealing true emotion about a dreadful and extremely tragic loss? Macbeth will feel my displeasure and he will rue the day he took my loved ones from me. I will ensure that my retort will inflict a very deep message in Macbeths senseless noggin. The army of England has already secured the deployment of over 10,000 soldiers to Scotland to prey and eradicate Macbeth once and for all. I have recently been informed of Lady Macbeths suicide, along with others in his inner circle and I feel a certain amount of justice has occurred. Now the main conflicting enemy, Macbeth, is to be cornered by the soldiers at his castle where he is headquartered. He has killed my young children and my loving wife! Lord, please give me the strength to pursue Macbeth until he begins pleading for mercy. He shall join his wife in eternal matrimonial hell. He first devised a treacherous plot against King Duncan, killed him, unleashed an authoritarian ruling regime and lastly, in a s ense, destroyed everything that gave my life purpose and the will to live. The time comes for our supreme battle to the death and my well-deserved retribution. We engaged in sword fighting, I noticed his unrequited determination to defeat me. Macbeth, of course feeling indestructible, was obviously stronger than I. However, when he happened to mention the prophecy and its merits about the of woman born section, I revealed that I was not in fact of woman born! This sheer esteem-crumbling fact impacted Macbeths outcome of our battle. Macduff Journal for Act 5 Journal of Macbeth: Following Macbeths eventual demise while fighting against Englands encompassing army. The Tyrants Pinnacle Battle. Toronto Star 18 September 2012. AL Print. The three Witches proclaimed me indomitable toward anyone of woman born. I do not intend to back down from this persisting battle; it shall be to the death. I am untouchable, invincible, immovable and unstoppable! No one, not Macduff, Malcolm, Donaldbain, or anyone else shall defeat my intellect and awesome power, especially those of woman born! Why worry? Although I am alone, I shall prevail. Macduff appears enraged when first seeing me. Deep in my mind, I do regret relentlessly killing Macduffs family; nevertheless, I must eliminate all threats, including Macduff himself. This is a cutthroat battle and it must be endured, I can wait no longer for fate to decide for me but rather I select my own destiny, Triumph or Death. Today, I fight for my wife, myself and for Scotland under my reign. How could it be possible for a person, particularly Macduff, to not be born of woman Impossible! My fate cannot be rectified. I must now suffer the consequence I have long eluded, Deathà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Live free Scotland, for I cannot. Live long and prosper! Macbeth

Rethinking the American Dream in Coney Island of the Mind, Why Wallace?, and Goodbye, Columbus :: Coney Wallace Columbus

Rethinking the American Dream in Coney Island of the Mind, Why Wallace?, and Goodbye, Columbus      Ã‚  Ã‚   Webster defines a dream as "something notable for its beauty, excellence, or enjoyable quality." This seems, logically, something that everyone desires to obtain. However not everyone is the same therefore each dream is not the same. According to certain works of literature regarding the 1950's-60's though, it appears as if many people are quite disillusioned and believe their dream is the one and only dream suitable for everyone. This American Dream consists of a nice job, nice spouse, nice house, nice kids, nice car and all the money, money, money you can get your hands on. Anyone who desires differently is unacceptable.    But what happens when people finally start to realize, heaven forbid, that this one dream isn't a dream at all and is not the ultimate source of happiness? A rebellion against this materialistic society takes place. Lawrence Ferlinghetti, in his poem "A Coney Island of the Mind," illustrates this dissatisfaction with American society:    "...on a concrete continent spaced with bland billboards illustrating imbecile illusions of happiness The scene shows fewer tumbrils but more maimed citizens in painted cars and they have strange license plates and engines that devour America" (Ferlinghetti,131).    America is supposed to be the great capitalistic society, but Ferlinghetti sees otherwise. Billboards feature material assets in a style showing its necessity for human happiness. By calling this happiness the billboards represent an illusion, Ferlinghetti is speaking out against materialism. This materialism has apparently also horribly disfigured America and it's citizens. The citizens believe that the more material possessions one has the happier they will be. Ferlinghetti says these material possessions such as cars and fancy license plates devour them instead and are possibly dictating their life.    Addressing this issue of a materialistic society is a common theme among many of the writer's during the 1950's and 1960's. In their writings Phillip Roth and Michael Novak both depict a family of this society. The parents of these writings have an "ideal" lifestyle and a standard for their children, which gives the children every reason to want to rebel. They want to break away from the thoughts and standards of their parents and society. In Roth's novel, Goodbye, Columbus, the character Mrs. Patimkin is much like the Andy Restek of Novak's "Why

Ifrs Adoption And Financial Comparability Accounting Essay

Globalization of fiscal markets has meant an increased focal point on international criterions in accounting and has intensified attempts towards a individual set of high quality, globally acceptable set of accounting criterions. Fiscal statements prepared in different states harmonizing to different set of regulations, mean legion national sets of criterions, each with its ain set of reading about a similar dealing, doing it hard to compare, analyse and interpret fiscal statements across states. A fiscal coverage system supported by strong administration, high quality criterions, and steadfast regulative model is the key to economic development. Indeed, sound fiscal coverage criterions underline the trust that investors place in fiscal coverage information and therefore play an of import function in lending to the economic development of a state. Needless to advert, internationally accepted accounting criterions play a major function in this full procedure. An approaching economic system on universe economic map, India, excessively, decided to meet to International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) . With the acceptance of IFRS by Indian houses, the comparing of two fiscal statements becomes easier and besides expects to ensue in better quality of fiscal coverage due to consistent application of accounting rules and betterment in dependability of fiscal statements. Again, one of the major pre-requisites of acquiring listed on European markets is readying of histories as per IFRS demands. Meanwhile, the proposed convergence with IFRS is likely to make important challenges to the accounting patterns in industrial and fiscal sectors. While regulators, standard compositors and jurisprudence shapers sit together to rollout the route map for execution of International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) in India, a broad subdivision of the industry is already debating the impact and the execution challenges of transitioning into IFRS. A A singular and of import component of smooth passage into IFRS is the convergence of RBI guidelines with the rules laid down in IFRS.A In other words, the successful acceptance of IFRS is based on flexibleness and acceptableness of IFRS by RBI. Banks will hold to shortly set to accounting alterations that are enforced by IFRS.A It is by and large expected that IFRS acceptance worldwide will be good to investors and other users of fiscal statements, by cut downing the costs of comparing alternate investings and increasing the quality of information Companies are besides expected to profit, as investors will be more willing to supply funding. Companies that have high degrees of international activities are among the group that would profit from a switch to IFRS. Companies that are involved in foreign activities and puting benefit from the switch due to the increased comparison of a set accounting criterion. Comparison in fiscal statements is critical for investors to pull sensible decisions about the comparative public presentation of entities. However for a assortment of grounds an entities fiscal statements may non be as comparable to its rivals as preparers or users would prefer in the close term. Another manner to heighten comparison is to see handling the fiscal statements non merely as an accounting exercising but besides an exercising in pass oning of import elements that in fact affect the year-to-year comparison of fiscal statement informations. Adoption of IFRS, the new planetary coverage criterions, would better comparison, transparence and credibleness of fiscal statements and in a globalised universe, would take to greater economic efficiencies. Research suggests that cultural differences cause comptrollers in different states to construe and use accounting criterions otherwise. Translation of IFRS into assorted linguistic communications poses another menace to comparison. A It will be of import for transnational corporations and planetary audit houses to beef up cultural consciousness preparation. This could profit transnational corporations and their hearers by doing them cognizant of possible prejudices held by their international staff and by co-workers in their international offices, and by assisting professionals recognize their ain state ‘s cultural accounting inclinations and better understand how these values affect their ain readings and judgements. Most significantly, the initial and on-going IFRS convergence will impact reported net worth, available capital and capital adequateness for Indian Bankss. Further, the finalised roadmap for the convergence of Indian Accounting Standards with IFRS, with regard to banking companies, requires all scheduled commercial Bankss to change over their opening balance sheets as of April 1, 2013. RBI has besides emphasised to Bankss that they need to pitch up to follow the new criterions. Therefore, there is ever a demand to hold an appraisal of the possible chances and challenges for Bankss in India while meeting to IFRS. Subsequent to the proclamation of the proposal by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ( ICAI ) to meet the Indian accounting criterions ( Indian GAAP ) with IFRS effectual April 1, 2011, there has been important argument among the criterion compositors, regulators, corporate India and professional accounting houses, on the roadmap to convergence and its deductions .2. Review of LiteratureSince European Union was the first to follow IFRS across the Earth, most of the researches have been carried out on IFRS analysing the information from member states of EU. Research workers have given assorted sentiments on the public-service corporation of acceptance of IFRSs across the Earth as a individual set of coverage criterions. Existing literature supports this position of research workers that acceptance of IFRS as individual set of coverage criterions improves the quality of fiscal information and besides ensures timely loss acknowledgment. Summarily, following individual set of fiscal coverage criterions bring many benefits to describing entities, Investors, bankers and other interested parties as in this period of international boundaries acquiring eliminated, they will non hold to mention to describing statements prepared on the footing of different coverage criterions. Harmonizing to Epstein & A ; Jermakowicz, ( 2010 ) IASBaˆYs Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements states that the nonsubjective usage of fiscal statements is to show the broad scope of users of these fiscal statements with information about the entityaˆYs fiscal place, public presentation and the alterations in fiscal place. This helps in better fiting the users with more suited economic determination devising. Elliott B. & A ; Elliott J. , ( 2002 ) explains that ab initio, regulated fiscal statements were needed on state degree in order to guarantee that all the companies present their fiscal statements in a similar and consistent manner. But the gait with which globalisation is taking topographic point, the demand for internationally comparable fiscal studies were brought frontward. Therefore, in order to diminish the national differences and the differences in fiscal coverage, the international compositors and regulators, for illustration, Financial Accounting Standards Board ( FASB ) and International Accounting Standards Board ( IASB ) have issued accounting criterions such as Generally Accepted Accounting Standards ( GAAP ) and International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) , severally. Chorafas D. ( 2006 ) says that IFRS is considered by direction think-tanks as a stage displacement in the general accounting, balance sheet place ratings and fiscal coverage techniques. Harmonizing to Drury and Tayles ( 1997 ) there is a demand for more in-depth instance survey to research the linkage between external fiscal coverage and direction accounting. This survey regards the IFRS ‘ acceptance as an chance to develop the overall planning systems of a company instead than a narrow coverage system. Fiscal accounting and direction accounting are seen as systems complimentary to each other. Gordon ( 2008 ) notes that the harmonisation of fiscal coverage, which has led to comparable accounting and fiscal information across states and companies, continues to back up and progress the concern itself. Harmonizing to Soderstrom and Sun ( 2007 ) the voluntary acceptance of high-quality accounting criterions -IFRS included- is found to hold a positive impact on accounting quality. El-Gazzar et Al. ( 1999 ) province that houses adopt international criterions in order to spread out their gross revenues to foreign markets, to achieve more clients and to cut down political costs when spread outing activities into foreign markets. These companies see the benefits of using the IFRS transcending the costs of execution and in-usage. Meek and Thomas ( 2004 ) province that the coverage environment of a company besides affects the relevancy of fiscal coverage, non the accounting criterions entirely, i.e. the state in which the company operates may hold an impact on the relevancy of the information. It is argued, that even when using the International Financial Reporting Standards, the fiscal statement information may non be comparable among different states due to cultural differences ( Scott 2009 ) . Harmonizing to Ball ( 2006 ) companies may even confront a competitory disadvantage from an inefficient fiscal coverage theoretical account. Particularly, houses viing in p lanetary markets face turning force per unit area to use globally accepted fiscal coverage criterions. Cai and Wong ( 2010 ) in their survey of planetary capital markets summarized that the capital markets of the states that have adopted IFRS have higher grade of integrating among them after their IFRS acceptance as compared to the period before the acceptance. Paananen and Lin ( 2009 ) gave a contrary position to prior research that IFRS acceptance ensures better quality of accounting information. Their analysis of German companies describing showed that accounting information quality has worsened with the acceptance of IFRS over clip. They besides suggested that this development is less likely to be driven by new adoptive parents of IFRS but is driven by the alterations of criterions. The survey carried out by Callao and others ( 2007 ) on fiscal informations of Spanish houses revealed that local comparison is adversely affected if both IFRS and local Accounting Standards are applied in the same state at the same clip. The survey, hence calls for an pressing convergence of local Acc ounting Standards with that of IFRS. Therefore, based on the reappraisal it can be deduced that IFRS on fiscal instruments as being really complex, convergence with IFRS contributes to different subdivisions in the economic system viz. the investors, accounting professionals and the industry as a whole. As IFRS is in the infant phase there is demand for more specific surveies utilizing scientific methodological analysis so that the pros and cons of IFRS could be understood in a larger context.3. MethodsThe present survey is analytical in nature based on secondary informations collected from books, periodicals, commission studies and the Internet. For Bankss in India, convergence to IFRS is likely to present important challenges, as shown by planetary experience. Certain big Indian Bankss, which have the benefit of traveling through the procedure of international GAAP such as US GAAP in the yesteryear, have recognised the challenges of convergence and have already started be aftering their elaborate roadmap to accomplish a smooth convergence. It is clip for other Bankss to take the cue and follow suit. Critical to the successful execution of IFRS in the Indian context would be the degree of regulative sponsorship, the appropriate degree of investing in systems and procedures and consistence in market patterns for countries where judgement is critical. A move to IFRS can be compared to the mountain extremum which can surely be scaled if good planned and suitably executed. This is likely to hold a important impact on the fiscal place and fiscal public presentation, straight impacting cardinal parametric quantities such as capital adequateness ratios and the results of rating prosodies that analysts use to step and evaluate public presentation. In add-on to the fiscal accounting impact, the convergence procedure is likely to imply several alterations to fiscal describing systems and procedures adopted by Bankss in India. These alterations would necessitate to be planned, managed, tested and executed in progress of the execution day of the month. Despite the assorted hindrances to the proposed passage, until the clip IFRS is implemented, it would be worthwhile to measure its challenges and chances for the primary fiscal institutional apparatus in India, called Bankss.4. ConsequencesOpportunities for Banks in IndiaIndian Banks as an ea rly adoptive parent to IFRS enables to better pull off the outlooks of internal stakeholders such as Board of Directors and senior direction, regulators and internal investors and analysts associating to the impact on net incomes and equity. Banking companies are required to bring forth better quality information in the notes to fiscal statements and are obliged to uncover information non required antecedently. Publicly posted fiscal information allows for unfastened and crystalline treatment with clients and providers, employees understand better the fiscal wellness and way of the banking company and better fiscal notes allow stakeholders to do more in depth analysis of the fiscal statement. The commissariats of IAS 39-Financial instruments, acknowledgment and measurement- issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ( IASB ) , establishes the rules for acknowledging and mensurating fiscal assets and fiscal liabilities. This criterion is of peculiar importance to the Indian banking sector and NBFCs which deal chiefly in fiscal instruments. The same is being replaced as IFRS 9 in the convergence procedure. In Indian banking industry, the convergence of IFRS 9 is in three stages which will assist in cut downing complexnesss. The first stage was completed with the issue of the part of IFRS 9 which trades with the categorization and measuring of fiscal assets and fiscal liabilities. The 2nd and 3rd stages are in the country of hedge accounting and damage, where presently work is underway. At present, as per RBI ‘s prudential norms, Bankss have to put in authorities securities and history such investings at ‘amortised cost ‘ . Under IFRS 9, these securities may hold to be accounted for on a ‘fair value ‘ footing, with the just value changes taken to the income statement. This will assist Indian Bankss to exhibit the income statement on a ‘fair value ‘basis. Under RBI norms, investings in equity instruments ( other than subordinates, joint ventures ) are recorded at market value. Net losingss are recognized but net additions are ignored. Under IFRS 9, investings in equity instruments are just valued. The additions or losingss are either recognized in the income statement or in a modesty history. This makes the statement more accurate. That pick is required to be made at the origin, on an instrument by instrument footing, and is irrevokable. Training is a cardinal component of a successful convergence in the Indian banking sector. A workshop-based preparation demand to be provided to internal staff every bit good as high functionaries for more complex and specific facets of IFRS such as fiscal instruments or portion based compensation on income revenue enhancements, or different media such as web-enabled preparation to make a broader audience. Using an external adviser to all hard appraisals which are underestimated by internal staff will supply a great support during the existent transition procedure, doing the executing more successful. As the markets expand globally the demand for convergence additions. The convergence benefits the economic system by increasing growing of its International concern. It facilitates care of orderly and efficient capital markets and besides helps to increase the capital formation and thereby economic growing. It encourages international investment and thereby leads to more foreign capital flows to the state. Indian banking sector besides contributes to the economic growing through the convergence. Investors want the information that is more relevant, dependable, seasonably and comparable across the legal powers. Fiscal statements prepared utilizing a common set of accounting criterions help investors better understand investing chances as opposed to fiscal statements prepared utilizing a different set of national accounting criterions. For better apprehension of fiscal statements, planetary investors have to incur more cost in footings of the clip and attempts to change over the fiscal statements so that they can confidently compare chances. Convergence with IFRS contributes to investors ‘ apprehension and assurance in high quality fiscal statements. The Indian banking industry is able to raise capital from foreign markets at lower cost if it can make assurance in the heads of foreign investors that their fiscal statements comply with globally accepted accounting criterions. With the diverseness in accounting criterions from state to state, endeavors which operate in dif ferent states face a battalion of accounting demands predominating in the states. Convergence of accounting criterions simplifies the procedure of fixing the person and group fiscal statements and thereby reduces the costs of fixing the fiscal statements utilizing different sets of accounting criterions. Convergence with IFRS besides benefits the accounting professionals in Indian banking sector in a manner that they are able to sell their services as experts in different parts of the universe. The push of the motion towards convergence has come chiefly from comptrollers in public pattern. It offers them more chances in any portion of the universe if same accounting patterns prevail throughout the universe. They are able to cite IFRS to clients to give them endorsing for urging certain ways of coverage.Challenges for Banks in IndiaThe first challenge in execution of IFRS in banking sector in India is unity of informations and information. Most scheduled commercial Bankss in India have either already migrated or are in the procedure of migrating to Core Banking Sol utions ( CBS ) . In this context, informations unity and information cogency would be of critical importance particularly due to informations intensive demands of IFRS converged criterions. Preparatory work in this respect would enable Bankss to counter a basic challenge in their attempt towards IFRS convergence. Keeping ‘Ethical Standards ‘ and values is a cardinal portion of fiscal coverage. Without a strong codification of moralss and attachment to those moralss, fiscal coverage would neglect to animate and guarantee public and investor assurance in entities. Therefore, along with high degrees of proficient competency, accounting professionals besides need to hold unquestionable and faultless professional unity. Keeping ethical criterions will be a great challenge for Indian Bankss. The adaptability and compatibility of bing IT solutions used by Indian Bankss to the new demands imposed by IFRS convergence is besides a major challenge. Software which has been written maintaining in head Indian GAAP demands may hold to be modified well to integrate characteristics of IFRS demands. Similarly, compatibility between package and hardware would hold to be addressed to take attention of the new demand. The most of import factor which differentiates the successful and less successful transition undertakings is the presence and absence of undertaking direction sphere. A comprehensive preparation scheme and plan to human resource is a complex country and demands to be carefully considered. Failure to pass sufficient clip and energy on impact appraisal makes the transition more complex for Indian Bankss. In add-on to the general accounting criterions, Indian banking companies are presently required to adhere to the accounting policies and rules prescribed by RBI, doing the transition a boring procedure. The replacing of IAS 39 by IFRS 9, will present important complexness and application challenges which will ensue in important volatility in income statement of Indian Bankss. Indian Banking companies are capable to regulative reappraisals and review and are besides capable to minimal capital demands. But IFRS requires increased usage of opinion and extended usage of unobservable rating inputs and premises which makes the regulative reappraisal procedure more explanatory and complex. IFRS prescribes an impairment theoretical account that requires a instance to instance appraisal of facts environing the recoverability and timing of hard currency flows associating to recognition exposure. The bedrock of this impairment appraisal is the current guidelines of Indian Bankss, which requires a limited usage of judgement and are mechanistic in nature. Significantly different IFRS and GAAP in general lead Bankss in India to more cases of transportations neglecting the derecognition standards, thereby ensuing in big balance sheets, capital adequateness demands, lower return on assets, and recess of gains/losses on securitisation minutess.5. DiscussionsTo reason, as an early adoptive parent to IFRS it is expected that Indian Bankss enable to better pull off the outlooks of all its interest holders in many ways. The replacing of IAS 39 as IFRS 9 in the convergence procedure, execution of IFRS 9 in a phased mode, rating of investings in equity instruments on just value footin g, workshop-based preparation to internal staff for assorted facets of IFRS, etc will undeniably assist to run into their outlooks. Again, fiscal statements prepared utilizing globally accepted criterions enable Indian banking industry to raise capital from foreign markets at lower cost and besides help investors better understand investing chances globally. Though convergence with IFRS consequences some challenges viz. unity of informations and information, high degree of proficient competence and ethical criterions, amortisation accounting, frequent alterations in the policies of RBI etc, the challenges can non lessen its chances.

Identity in Art Essay

Identity is a central concern of contemporary life. Identity plays a large part in societies and individuals lives; however it has not just become a central concern. For the last couple of hundred years identity has been a central concern. This central concern of identity is and has been portrayed, explored and discussed through art. In contemporary art there are multiple different art techniques, styles, codes, conventions and forms of art which explore and express identity. In the classical era of art the privilege of having a self-portrait created by an artist and displaying it in your house defined the identity of those people. In the last 100 years identity has been explored, portrayed and expressed in art through the use of different techniques, styles and forms of art. Different techniques such as rendering, shading, colour usage, and the softness or hardness of the lines are some of the ways in which artist are expressing and exploring the idea of identity. There are multiple different styles being used to express, portray and explore identity, some of these are abstract, cubism, expressionism, impressionism, realism, surrealism ect. These styles allow artist to create new and more in depth and meaningful artworks that can have a deeper, complex and relevant message behind the artwork. Modern artist also use different or mixed forms of art, for example sculpture, printmaking, photography, drawings, paintings, charcoal ect. The artist Kathe Kollwitz is a German artist (1867-1945). She created artworks that depicted the effects of war and the society’s identity throughout the war. This identity was of famine and starvation, one of fear and confusion and one of death and depression. Throughout the harsh period of the war she created sketches on paper using charcoal. The use of the expressionism in her artwork depicted her society’s identity and issue that was brought from the war and it effects. She focused on the identities that had changed due to the wars, either from directly being involved or form indirectly being involved, for example the identity change from one losing their loved one due to the harshness and effects of the world wars, or having no family or job that would be able to provide for you or your child so you have been forced to take up a life of begging on the streets for food in attempt to not to die of starvation. Kollwitz’s art resounds with compassion as she makes appeals on behalf of the working poor, the suffering and the sick. Although Kathe Kollwitz’s work is mainly portraying the identity changes and effects of both World War 1 and World War 2 she also took a liking in depicting with in her artworks the role and identity of women in a family. She mostly used the same materials of charcoal on paper when she created this work, but also used different media to create some of her artworks. When working on expressing and exploring women, their identities and their roles in society Kollwitz was able to express the changes to a women’s identity if she had a family to look after, and to high light the importance of the women’s identity when it came to interacting with their child. She also focused on women who were barely able to care for or nourish their children. This was able to depict the difficulties with handle children and the identities that un-worthy parents had. In the era that Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Richard Franklin was painting, the artwork being produced were more classical art. Any other types of artist that produced different artworks like cubist artworks or expressionist artworks were frowned upon. The classical artworks that they created were based on the identity of the figure in their artwork. Most of the artworks created by the classic artist were created on demand from the wealthy, high up in society citizens that could afford the artworks of themselves. The portraits were used to express and define the figures identity with in society. The portraits would be shown off at the buyers large villas and the artworks would be only there to define and express to others that the house owner or his family members and figure in the painting were of an upper class back ground and that their identity in society was quite high up the social ladder. The artworks were informing of the status and identity of the figure in order to depict to others their wealth and that they were from the upper class and their identity mattered in their society. They would also create sculpture and paint paintings that were asked of them by the upper class citizens in the society of that era. The artistic style used was classical. It was seen as great work to be able to create something so realistic and to create realistic things that would be part of the identity of the figure and of the society when the renaissance period was over and other styles and forms of art were more accepted in society. Identity is not just a central concern of contemporary life; it was also a central concern of the older life style from decades ago. The idea and concept of identity has been carried through society and has been explored, discussed and expressed through the use of art.